The Hindu Editorial Vocabulary– May 24, 2021; Day 67

Today we have collated the 10 tricky words/phrases/terms from the editorial on the rise in mucormycosis cases. Go through these words and see how many did you know already. Check their usage as well. This will surely help you to understand the sense the tricky words have conveyed in the editorial.

Difficult Word/ Phrase	Contextual Sense
Throw up	abandon or give up something, especially one’s job
Mortality	death, especially on a large scale
Mould	a furry growth of minute fungal hyphae occurring typically in moist warm conditions, especially on food or other organic matter
Steroid	an artificial form of a natural chemical substance that is used for treating particular medical conditions
Spore	a minute, typically one-celled, reproductive unit capable of giving rise to a new individual without sexual fusion, characteristic of lower plants, fungi, and protozoans
Susceptible	likely or liable to be influenced or harmed by a particular thing
Inflammatory	(especially of speech or writing) arousing or intended to arouse angry or violent feelings
Dysfunction	abnormality or impairment in the function of a specified bodily organ or system
Corticosteroid	any of a group of steroid hormones produced in the adrenal cortex or made synthetically. There are two kinds: glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. They have various metabolic functions and some are used to treat inflammation
Wake-up call	a thing that alerts people to an unsatisfactory situation and prompts them to remedy it

Another challenge: On the rise in mucormycosis cases

The rise in mucormycosis cases underlines the need for diabetics to get vaccination

The second wave of the pandemic has thrown up (abandon or give up something, especially one’s job) another serious challenge. Besides, in just about three months, the number of daily cases touching 4.14 lakh on May 6 and cumulative cases crossing 15 million, mortality (death, especially on a large scale) reaching an all-time peak of 4,529 on May 18 and the total number of deaths reaching nearly 1.5 lakh, there is now a growing number of mucormycosis cases being reported in COVID-19 patients. A concerned Health Ministry has now asked all States to classify mucormycosis, a fungal infection, as a notifiable disease under the Epidemic Diseases Act 1897; a few States have complied. As a notifiable disease, every suspected and confirmed case is to be reported to the State Health Department. While the infection is caused by a group of moulds (a furry growth of minute fungal hyphae occurring typically in moist warm conditions, especially on food or other organic matter) called mucormycetes, which are commonly found in the environment, the fungi are largely harmless under normal circumstances. But COVID-19 patients with uncontrolled diabetes who are on steroid (an artificial form of a natural chemical substance that is used for treating particular medical conditions) therapy face a higher infection risk. Breathing in the fungi spores (a minute, typically one-celled, reproductive unit capable of giving rise to a new individual without sexual fusion, characteristic of lower plants, fungi, and protozoans) can cause an infection in the lungs or sinuses which can spread. Even when blood sugar is under control, indiscriminate steroid use can cause an increase in blood sugar levels, making such patients more susceptible (likely or liable to be influenced or harmed by a particular thing) to mucormycosis infection.

Patients with severe COVID-19 disease tend to develop a systemic inflammatory ((especially of speech or writing) arousing or intended to arouse angry or violent feelings) response leading to lung injury and multisystem organ dysfunction (abnormality or impairment in the function of a specified bodily organ or system). While WHO “strongly recommends” that corticosteroids (any of a group of steroid hormones produced in the adrenal cortex or made synthetically. There are two kinds: glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. They have various metabolic functions and some are used to treat inflammation) such as dexamethasone be used in treating patients with severe and critical COVID-19, they should not be used in non-severe COVID-19 patients. The absence of any new or repurposed drugs to effectively treat COVID-19 patients and the lack of clear guidelines in using certain drugs have led to indiscriminate drug use, including steroids. The rise in mucormycosis infection cases should be a wake-up call (a thing that alerts people to an unsatisfactory situation and prompts them to remedy it) for COVID-19 patients and medical practitioners to use steroids judiciously for a limited period and in the right dosage, especially in diabetic patients; self-medication with steroids should be avoided at any cost. Most importantly, in COVID-19 patients with diabetes, controlling blood sugar levels using insulin can help prevent mucormycosis infection. While the availability of Amphotericin-B to treat mucormycosis was limited till recently, five manufacturers in India are in the process of ramping up production. Five more companies have also been licensed to augment supplies. Since the infection presents itself with typical symptoms, timely diagnosis is easy. The infection can be cured without even surgery if detected early. This is one more reason why people, particularly those with diabetes, should get vaccinated soon. Since complete vaccination prevents severe disease, diabetics will not need steroids, and hence will not suffer from mucormycosis.

Hope you got to know some new words/phrases which will definitely be useful in the English section of upcoming competitive exams. Wishing you all the best for your preparation!

Want to improve your vocabulary further? Download the Lists of Word-Meanings of Previous Months here.