The Hindu Editorial Vocabulary– Mar 30, 2021; Day 23

All major banking, government and insurance exams consider English as one of the most important sections and candidates often find it difficult. Aspirants those who are preparing for any such competitive examination must have a sound knowledge as far as grammar rules and vocabulary is concerned. So, here in our daily Hindu vocabulary articles we try and help the candidates preparing for these exams by enhancing their vocabulary. Sometimes it so happen that you really don’t know the meanings of certain words because of which you lack performing in this particular section. So, here we are helping the candidates by giving them a list of 10 new words along with their contextual meanings.

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Difficult Words & Their Meanings

Difficult Word/ Phrase	Contextual Meaning
turnout	the number of people who are present for an event
evident	obvious
defensive	too quick to protect yourself from being criticized
anti-incumbency	sentiment in favor of voting out incumbent politicians
spearheaded	to lead a course of action
paradox	a situation or statement that seems impossible or is difficult to understand
polarisation	act of dividing something especially which contains different opinions or people
rhetoric	speech or writing intended to be effective and influence people
fierce	strong & powerful
ripple effects	a series of things that happen as the result of a particular action or event

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Peaceful start: On first phase of Assembly elections

Despite a fierce contest, the first phase of the polls was spared of major violence

The first phase of polling in West Bengal and Assam on Saturday witnessed an impressive turnout (the number of people who are present for an event). In some constituencies, the turnout was well above 80%. In Assam, 47 Assembly constituencies, and in West Bengal, 30 constituencies went to the polls, with turnouts of 79.97% and 84.63%, respectively. In 2016, the ruling Trinamool Congress won 26 of the 30 seats in West Bengal in the tribal regions of Jangalmahal. In the 2019 Lok Sabha elections, the BJP made significant inroads into the region. In Assam, the ruling BJP won 35 of the 47 seats in 2016, where tribal communities employed in tea estates shifted from the Congress to the BJP in large numbers. The BJP is pulling out all the stops to retain power in Assam and wrest it in West Bengal for the first time. The fierce (strong & powerful) nature of the contest in West Bengal is far too evident (obvious), but still there was no major violence in the first phase. The BJP has complained of violence by the TMC, while the latter has complained of partisanship by the Election Commission. Union Home Minister Amit Shah has claimed that the BJP is set to win 26 of the 30 seats in West Bengal and 37 of the 47 seats in Assam. The TMC has ridiculed the claim. In Assam, the Congress has claimed to have made major gains in the first phase. The claims and counterclaims can only be read as signalling for supporters and rivals alike by each side, but there are certain trends that are notable as the campaign for the second phase on April 1 peaks. Elections are being held in eight phases in West Bengal and three phases in Assam.

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The BJP in Assam is not as defensive (used to protect someone or something against attack) as the TMC is in West Bengal. The shenanigans of its leaders have resulted in an unmistakable anti-incumbency (sentiment in favor of voting out incumbent politicians) against the TMC, which has been in power for 10 years now. The party is trying to recover lost ground with new promises and by riding on the personal popularity that Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee continues to command. Though it has no leader of any consequence in the State, and its campaign is being spearheaded (to lead a course of action) by Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Mr. Shah, the BJP hopes to harvest anti-TMC sentiments and win power. The BJP has not announced a chief ministerial candidate in West Bengal; and in Assam, the paradox (a situation or statement that seems impossible or is difficult to understand) is that its machinery is dependent more on the powerful minister, Himanta Biswa Sarma, than Chief Minister Sarbananda Sonowal. Mr. Modi’s visit to Bangladesh in the midst of the election has triggered communal tensions there. The Hindu minority in Bangladesh is coming under attack by Islamists, and the ripple effects (a series of things that happen as the result of a particular action or event) of this will be felt in the next phase in both States. The danger of communal polarisation (act of dividing something especially which contains different opinions or people) is ever-present, but it might be too much to expect the BJP and the TMC to keep the campaign free of hateful rhetoric (speech or writing intended to be effective and influence people) in the phases ahead. The Election Commission might need to step in.

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