The Hindu Editorial Vocabulary– Apr 29, 2021; Day 49

We hope that these editorial articles are helping you in your exam preparation. This series of  Editorials’ Difficult Words will help you to understand the editorials of The Hindu in a better way. Today we have come up with the explanation of difficult words/phrases of the below editorial. Have a look and update your word power & general awareness.

Difficult Word/ Phrase	Contextual Meaning
Curtail	impose a restriction on
Factor	to include or admit as something that actively contributes to the production of a result
Vial	a small container, typically cylindrical and made of glass, used especially for holding liquid medicines
Bound	the greatest possible degree of something
Contamination	the action or state of making or being made impure by polluting or poisoning
Fragile	(of an object) easily broken or damaged
Exponential	(of an increase) becoming more and more rapid
Logistics	the detailed coordination of a complex operation involving many people, facilities, or supplies
Ancillary	providing necessary support to the primary activities or operation of an organization, institution, industry, or system
Rollout	to make something new available for the first time

Shortage and wastage: On cutting vaccine wastage

With vaccines in short supply, more effort must go into curtailing (impose a restriction on) wastage

In the days ahead, Indian adults below 45 will begin registering for a COVID vaccine that on paper will be available from May 1. Amid a crisis of vaccine supply, the Health Ministry had said that a little over one crore vaccines remain in stock with States. An additional 57 lakh would be made available to States over the weekend. The Centre has so far provided nearly 16 crore vaccine doses to States of which the total consumption including wastage is 14.8 crore doses. Maharashtra led the table of vaccines administered with 1.5 crore doses followed by Rajasthan (1.3 crore), Uttar Pradesh (1.25 crore) and Gujarat (1.23 crore). These were also the States that had so far received the maximum number of vaccines, again in that order. Among large States, Tamil Nadu reported a high percentage of vaccine wastage, nearly 8.83%. Only Lakshadweep had a higher 9.76%. Assam, Manipur and Haryana ranked after Tamil Nadu in percentage wastage of vaccines, at 7.7%, 7.4% and 5.72%. The Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Arunachal Pradesh, Goa, Himachal Pradesh, Kerala, Mizoram, Odisha were the States that had reported no wastage.

That a certain number of vaccines will be wasted is built into the Centre’s planning process. In its operational guidelines on COVID-19 vaccination, the Wastage Multiplier Factor has been calculated at 1.11, assuming an allowable programmatic wastage of 10%. This number is factored (to include or admit as something that actively contributes to the production of a result) into how many vials (a small container, typically cylindrical and made of glass, used especially for holding liquid medicines) are allocated to States for supply of vaccine to each administrative unit. Wastage in unopened vials can occur due to reasons such as the vaccine reaching its destination after its expiry date; if it has been exposed to temperature outside its normal bounds (the greatest possible degree of something); suspected contamination (the action or state of making or being made impure by polluting or poisoning) and poor vaccine administration practices. Data seem to suggest that six of the top States or Union Territories that are reporting the highest proportion of wastage are the northeastern States, Lakshadweep and Dadra and Nagar Haveli where the relative difficulty of transporting goods — especially those as fragile ((of an object) easily broken or damaged) as vaccine vials — is known. There ought to be deeper analysis for why Tamil Nadu with above average medical infrastructure ends up wasting close to 9% of its vaccines even though it is within acceptable bounds. In the days ahead, there will be more vaccines and manufacturing facilities which could translate to shorter transportation distances and reduced wastage. With the exponential ((of an increase) becoming more and more rapid) increase in vaccine demand expected in the next six months, there will also be challenges in administration and demand for skilled administrators who will be part of the management of logistics (the detailed coordination of a complex operation involving many people, facilities, or supplies). These ancillary (providing necessary support to the primary activities or operation of an organization, institution, industry, or system) support staff too have to be developed by States along with planning for vaccine supply to enable a smooth, speedy rollout (to make something new available for the first time).

Hope you got to know some new words/phrases which will definitely be useful in the English section of upcoming competitive exams. Wishing you all the best for your preparation!

Want to improve your vocabulary further? Download the Lists of Word-Meanings of Previous Months here.