The Hindu Editorial Vocabulary– Apr 21, 2021; Day 43

We hope that these editorial articles are helping you in your exam preparation. This series of  Editorials’ Difficult Words will help you to understand the editorials of The Hindu in a better way. Today we have come up with the explanation of difficult words/phrases of the below editorial. Have a look and update your word power & general awareness by going through this editorial.

Difficult Word/ Phrase	Contextual Meaning
Upheaval	a violent or sudden change or disruption to something
Scale up	increase
Inoculate	treat (a person or animal) with a vaccine to produce immunity against a disease
Tie up	to preempt the use of
Surface	Become known
Liberalise	remove or loosen restrictions
Avert	prevent or ward off (an undesirable occurrence)
Foresight	the ability to predict or the action of predicting what will happen or be needed in the future
Pragmatism	a reasonable and logical way of doing things or of thinking about problems that is based on dealing with specific situations instead of on ideas and theories
Hype	extravagant or intensive publicity or promotion

Managing an upheaval: On universal vaccination

Universal vaccination is a necessary goal, but India is nowhere near achieving it

A combination of panic, public pressure and comprehension of the magnitude of the crisis that India is in seems to have prompted the Centre to authorise vaccines to anyone above 18 and give States more control over procurement. This is despite the problems in scaling up (increase) production, and in the supply and management of vaccines amid the surge in cases. The step could not have been easy to take. For one, the processes initiated by the government in early January to expand India’s manufacturing capacity were under the assumption that it would be at least August before vaccines could be fully opened up for all. In December, it was announced that India’s priority would be to fully inoculate (treat (a person or animal) with a vaccine to produce immunity against a disease) 300 million of the most vulnerable. Given that about 127 million doses have been administered, including a section of those above 45 without underlying health conditions, around 17 million have been fully inoculated — or about 5% of the intended beneficiaries. At the optimistic rate of three million doses a day, it would take at least 260 days from today for every adult to get at least a single shot.

Eight months ago, India had begun a decline in daily infections to the extent that by January, India’s leadership itself — going by its own policy actions — believed that a devastating second wave was unlikely. There is no other explanation why India, following the example of the U.S. and the U.K., did not tie up (to preempt the use of) orders to inoculate most of its adults within this year. India also applied different standards: waiving critical trials for Covaxin, but having stringent requirements for foreign companies. The supply lines are thus inadequate. The second wave, the hospitalisation and medical-oxygen crisis, have derailed all previously laid out plans. Opening up vaccines for all on May 1 and letting States negotiate deals with manufacturers does sound like the government is ‘listening to the people’, but given the background of supply constraints until June, there is a likelihood that the story of ‘vaccine shortage’ will surface (become known) more acutely. Leading international vaccinators such as Pfizer and Moderna have supply commitments already tied up and it is unclear if merely the policy move of liberalising (remove or loosen restrictions) vaccine supply will leave States in India with the finances and negotiating power to procure enough stocks of vaccines. Moreover, given that this is the hottest month in India, lockdowns are resurfacing in cities, and no end is in sight for the second wave, the logistics of administration will continue to be challenging. It was always going to be impossible to rapidly inoculate a nation of a billion. But chaos and confusion, which now seem inevitable, could have been averted (prevent or ward off (an undesirable occurrence)) with some foresight (the ability to predict or the action of predicting what will happen or be needed in the future) and planning. Pragmatism (a reasonable and logical way of doing things or of thinking about problems that is based on dealing with specific situations instead of on ideas and theories) and preparedness should replace hope that runs on nothing more than hype (extravagant or intensive publicity or promotion).

Hope you got to know some new words/phrases which will definitely be useful in the English section of upcoming competitive exams. Wishing you all the best for your preparation!

Want to improve your vocabulary further? Download the Lists of Word-Meanings of Previous Months here.