The Hindu Editorial Vocabulary– Apr 1, 2021; Day 25

Today we have collated the 10 tricky words/phrases from the editorial on vaccinations in the 2nd wave of COVID-19. Go through these words and see how many did you know already. Check their usage as well. This will surely help you to understand the sense the tricky words have conveyed in the editorial.

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Difficult Word/ Phrase	Contextual Meaning
In the forefront	In a leading position
Reiterate	say something again or a number of times, typically for emphasis or clarity
Spike	a sharp increase in the magnitude of something
On the horizon	likely to happen soon
Catastrophic	involving or causing sudden great damage or suffering
Skyrocket	of an amount) increase very steeply or rapidly
Inoculate	treat (a person) with a vaccine to produce immunity against a disease
Bear down	move directly towards someone or something in a purposeful or intimidating manner
Pressing problem	something which has to be dealt with immediately
Tides and ebbs	fluctuations

The second wave: On why new COVID-19 vaccines should be cleared

New vaccines must be cleared for emergency use as India battles a new surge

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The rise in COVID-19 cases as part of India’s ‘second wave’ has the government and public health authorities truly worried. In many ways, the concern is larger than during last year when there were several more cases. V.K. Paul, Member, NITI Aayog, who has been in the forefront (in a leading position) of public communication on all matters COVID-19, described the ongoing situation as going from “bad to worse”. The Health Secretary, Rajesh Bhushan, has also reiterated (say something again or a number of times, typically for emphasis or clarity) in the last two weeks that urgent action must be taken. On March 1, concerns of a spike (a sharp increase in the magnitude of something) were still on the horizon (likely to happen soon). In a month, however, the situation appears catastrophic (involving or causing sudden great damage or suffering). The number of new active cases added on March 1, around 3,000, has now become nearly nine-fold. Daily deaths too have, in that interval, skyrocketed (of an amount) increase very steeply or rapidly) three-fold — from around 112 to 354. As of this month, India has administered nearly 6.3 crore doses of Covaxin and Covishield and since March 20, has been inoculating (treat (a person) with a vaccine to produce immunity against a disease) a little over 2 million every day. What is apparent is that the States registering a high number of cases — Maharashtra, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala and Madhya Pradesh — are also those where many are signing up for their first dose. A notable exception is Punjab. The government is also bearing down (move directly towards someone or something in a purposeful or intimidating manner) on local vaccine companies to prioritise delivery to India over their international commitments as several other vaccine candidates line up emergency approvals from regulators. So, vaccine hesitancy is not India’s most pressing problem (something which has to be dealt with immediately).

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India’s communication of the tides and ebbs (fluctuations) of the pandemic has always been below par. The broader strategy by the Central and State governments is to take credit when there is a declining trend in cases and blame people’s laxity for an upward trend. More research needs to be conducted and communicated on whether mortality in the second wave is biased towards the group yet ineligible for vaccination, and whether reinfections are an emerging problem. It was always known, from the vaccine trial data, that the inoculations were extremely effective at addressing severe disease but less so in containing infections. This aspect needs to be amplified and communicated more clearly to encourage vaccination. It is hypocritical on the government’s part to allow large religious gatherings and political melas in election-bound States and also blame normal movement for the second wave. What is needed is messaging that emphasises the realistic protective abilities from vaccination and physical distancing measures. It is also unclear why new vaccines are not being accelerated for emergency use when Covishield and Covaxin were rushed through without any local efficacy data. More vaccines and a sharpening of India’s communication strategy are essential.

Want to improve your vocabulary further? Download the Lists of Word-Meanings of Previous Months here.